Source or Prior Law:

62-1429.

Law Review and Bar Journal References:

"The Law of Criminal Conspiracy in Kansas," David S. Jeans, 26 K.L.R. 571, 586, 587 (1978).

"Criminal Procedure—Severed Defendant's Fifth Amendment Refusal to Testify at Co-defendant's Trial is Admissible to Impeach Defendant's Alibi Defense at His Own Trial—State v. Nott," Joe Rebein, 33 K.L.R. 189, 197 (1984).

"Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases," 50 K.L.R. 901 (2002).

"Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases, Kansas Issue," 52 K.L.R. 771 (2004).

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Defenses of jointly charged defendants not in conflict or antagonistic; no abuse of discretion in refusing separate trials. State v. Cameron & Bentley, 216 Kan. 644, 649, 533 P.2d 1255.

2. Conviction of theft upheld; no error in refusal to grant separate trials. State v. Norwood, 217 Kan. 150, 158, 535 P.2d 996.

3. Granting separate trial within judicial discretion; denial upheld. State v. Williams & Reynolds, 217 Kan. 400, 536 P.2d 1395.

4. Right to separate trial hereunder subject to discretion of trial court; no error by court in maintaining joint trial. State v. Sully, 219 Kan. 222, 224, 547 P.2d 344.

5. No abuse of discretion shown by joinder of defendants for trial; waiver. State v. Daugherty, 221 Kan. 612, 619, 562 P.2d 42.

6. Right to separate trial hereunder not absolute; no error by court in maintaining joint trial. State v. Jones, 222 Kan. 56, 58, 563 P.2d 1021.

7. Cited; granting of motion for a separate trial is sole discretion of court. State v. Marshall & Brown – Sidorowicz, 2 Kan. App. 2d 182, 209, 577 P.2d 803.

8. Defendants separately charged; court not required to grant joint trial; discretion. State v. Coe, 223 Kan. 153, 157, 574 P.2d 929.

9. Joinder of several defendants in criminal prosecution allowed; no abuse of discretion. State v. Watie, Heard and Heard, 223 Kan. 337, 342, 574 P.2d 1368.

10. Trial court did not err in denying separate trial to defendant; conviction and sentence affirmed. State v. Hatch and Smith, 223 Kan. 783, 785, 576 P.2d 687.

11. Section applied; severance lies within discretion of court. State v. McQueen & Hardyway, 224 Kan. 420, 582 P.2d 251.

12. Court may consolidate trials of two defendants even though charged in separate informations if consolidation not prejudicial. State v. Boster, 4 Kan. App. 2d 355, 359, 606 P.2d 1035.

13. Trial court did not abuse discretion in denying motion to sever trials. State v. Myrick & Nelms, 228 Kan. 406, 415, 416, 616 P.2d 1066.

14. Although trial court has discretion to grant separate trials, same should be granted when necessary to avoid prejudice and ensure fair trials. State v. Martin, 234 Kan. 548, 549, 673 P.2d 104 (1983).

15. Complaint may be amended before verdict if no prejudice results to substantial rights of defendant. State v. Alvarez, 9 Kan. App. 2d 371, 374, 678 P.2d 1132 (1984).

16. Separate trials should be granted to avoid prejudice when antagonistic defenses exist; waiver of right to request. State v. Pham, 234 Kan. 649, 652, 675 P.2d 848 (1984).

17. Defendant may raise on appeal issued objected to by codefendant at trial. State v. Powell, 9 Kan. App. 2d 748, 749, 687 P.2d 1375 (1984).

18. Failure to request severance constitutes waiver of right. State v. Pink, 236 Kan. 715, 728, 696 P.2d 358 (1985).

19. Five factors to be considered in determining sufficient prejudice to mandate severance discussed. State v. Falke, 237 Kan. 668, 673, 703 P.2d 1362 (1985).

20. Grounds for separate trials reiterated; disparate evidence justifies severance in only extreme cases. State v. Holley, 238 Kan. 501, 507, 508, 712 P.2d 1214 (1986).

21. Cited; grounds for severance (K.S.A. 22-3204) examined. State v. Hunter, 241 Kan. 629, 633, 740 P.2d 559 (1987).

22. Motion for separate trials not sufficient to raise misjoinder issue under K.S.A. 22-3202. State v. Trotter, 245 Kan. 657, 658, 783 P.2d 1271 (1989).

23. Cited; whether constitution guarantees defendant effective assistance of codefendant's counsel in criminal case examined. State v. Oliver, 19 Kan. App. 2d 842, 845, 877 P.2d 975 (1994).

24. Defendant not prejudiced by joinder of trials; alleged antagonistic defense denied. State v. Aikins, 261 Kan. 346, 358, 932 P.2d 408 (1997).

25. Failure to request severance is deemed a waiver of right to request severance. State v. Bryant, 276 Kan. 485, 78 P.3d 462 (2003).

26. Defendant failed to show failure to sever trial resulted in actual prejudice, no abuse of discretion shown. State v. Winston, 281 Kan. 1114, 1132, 135 P.3d 1072 (2006).

27. Cited in case when two persons charged with murder and motion for separate trials denied; no error found. State v. Reid, 286 Kan. 494, 518, 519, 186 P.3d 713 (2008).